What is science fiction?

In class the topic of what defines science fiction was discussed, resulting in a variety of diverse opinions. Although the definition of science fiction is limited in scope, science fiction has become in today’s society a generic term for almost any media with spaceships, a futuristic setting, extra-terrestrial aliens or artificial beings. Examples of this overextension of the penumbra of science fiction would include films in the Star Wars franchise as well as the Mass Effect game series. Despite being viewed as prime examples of science fiction by the general public, these works would actually fall under the category of “space opera” or “space fantasy.” If general themes cannot be used to describe science fiction, then what can? In class I proposed that science fiction was separated from other forms of fiction in that the fantastical elements in the story can be understood with a “pretense of a rational, or perhaps pseudo-realistic or scientific, explanation.” This is opposed to a supernatural or mystical explanation that might be used in fantasy work. I used the phrase “pretense” because although an explanation might sound sound when coming out of Captain Picard’s mouth, it does not necessarily mean that it would stand up to scientific tests. Rather, as Professor Jackson stated, the explanation must instead fit within the “consistent framework” of the work. Beyond this it is very hard to limit the scope of science fiction. For example, it would be wrong to say that aliens are necessary for science fiction when there are works such as I, Robot. There does not even have to be a futuristic setting (i.e. Eifelheim). Perhaps there will never be one true definition of science fiction. For now, the general public will probably view anything with an alien or a robot as science fiction, giving support to Mark C. Glassy’s quote: “science fiction is like pornography… you don't know what it is, but you know it when you see it.”
Another point raised in class was that science fiction often relates to the human experience or condition. I would also argue that science fiction media are often used as a social and political allegory. For example, Cameron’s Aliens and Terminator 2 reflect the dangers of the military industrial complex and technophobia. Avatar, Cameron’s most recent feat, is seen to reflect growing concerns over ecological damage done by humans and disrespect for indigenous cultures. War of the World is supposedly part of a trend of stories in England during the turn of the 20th century that reflected a fear of a German invasion. In the novel it is interesting to see that England is the only confirmed country to be attacked and that France came to its’ aid after the invasion, reflecting these two nations’ alliance during WWI. Science fiction is somewhat ideal for allegories as it enables authors to entertain readers with original concepts while making social and political commentary behind a protective veil of figurative allusions.